CNN Student News with transcript Week 46, 2014

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Lots of news to catch you up on from this weekend. I`m Carl Azuz. It`s great to see you this Monday, November 10.

First up, the U.S. is doubling the number of its troops in Iraq. An additional 1500 military personnel are headed there, bringing the total to

about 3,000. Their mission, to train Iraqi troops and militias to battle the ISIS terrorist group.

President Obama says the American Forces will not be involved in direct combat. He calls the increase a new phase in the U.S.-led fight against

ISIS.

Some critics say they are concerned that the president doesn`t have a clear strategy to defeat the militants.

Also this weekend, an interesting and unexpected development concerning North Korea. Its secretive government released Kenneth Bae and Matthew

Todd Miller, two Americans held prisoner for months, accused of breaking North Korean laws. At North Korea`s invitation, the Obama administration

sent James Clapper to the capital Pyongyang.

Clapper is the U.S. director of National Intelligence.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

PAUL HANCOCKS, CNN CORRESPONDENT: A top secret mission in the dead of night. The top spy chief in the United States arrives in Pyongyang,

carrying a letter from the U.S. president. He leaves one day later with two former prisoners. No conditions and no strings attached, according to

the U.S. So why this sudden humanitarian gesture from North Korea?

CHRISTOPHER HILL, FORMER AMBASSADOR TO SOUTH KOREA: Clearly, they crave having this kind of high level attention, so obviously they are pleased

that General Clapper came.

HANCOCKS: Another suggestion: Kim Jong un wants to show he`s still in charge after disappearing for six weeks recently. He`s back in the

spotlight, limping but without the cane. Other experts believe Pyongyang`s recent charm offensive, including a high profile visit to Seoul,

technically enemy territory, is a PR exercise to improve its image.

The release of Kenneth Bae and Matthew Todd Miller comes more than two weeks after a third U.S. citizen, Jeffrey Fowle, won his freedom. No U.S.

citizens remain in North Korean captivity.

Two things are certain. This decision came from the top, and it was made for a reason. Pyongyang released a statement claiming that the U.S.

president had made many requests, and also an apology. Now, if that is the case, this domestically is propaganda gold for a leader who wants to remain

and show he`s relevant on the international stage.

Paula Hancocks, CNN, Seoul.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: President Obama wants Loretta Lynch to be the next attorney general of the United States. The 55-year-old Harvard alum is currently a federal

prosecutor. The U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of New York. And she appears to have some support from Republicans, as well as Democrats.

It`s up to the Senate to ultimately decide if Lynch will replace outgoing Attorney General Eric Holder.

Because this position is cabinet-level, the Constitution requires the Senate to give the president advice and consent on his nominees. It`s not

certain whether the outgoing Democratic controlled Senate or the newly elected Republican controlled Senate will decide whether to confirm Lynch.

Between the U.S. and Russia over the Bering Sea, what was left over from super typhoon Nuri (ph) has been stirring up the ocean. Its effects,

intense wind, heavy rain and snow, massive waves, have mostly hit the Aleutian Islands. Not a lot of people there, and those who are are used to

severe weather. But Nuri is about to whip the jetstream, and a lot of people in the lower 48 will feel that in the days ahead. Bottom line,

bundle up.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Remember this? Winter of 2013/2014 is one many want to forget. Reporters standing in the frozen tundra while much of the

nation was bundled up and digging out for months, coping with one of the coldest winters in roughly 20 years. It was also the season of new

hashtags, snowjam2014 in Atlanta, snowcalypse and snowmageddon. But the one trending term that may have a cringing grip on you as much as the cold

– polar vortex. We heard it over and over last winter as if it was something new. Now that we`ve all had a chance to thaw out a bit, let`s

set the record straight on what it is and what it isn`t.

It`s not a storm, it`s not a hurricane of cold air. It`s not even something that can come and get you. The only way to be in the polar

vortex is to be in an airplane. It exists in the upper levels of the atmosphere, and is always there. It`s an area of low pressure around the

Arctic Circle that`s locked in place and houses some very cold air.

Sometimes different weather patterns can influence the polar vortex and cause it to become distorted. As this happens, a large dip in the

jetstream allows very cold air to spill into the U.S. That`s the cold air you feel, the air that lives beneath the polar vortex, air that many times

is so cold, it can feel like something out of this world. And you may want to dig out your winter gear next week, because the polar air is coming

back. One of the strongest nontropical storms ever is currently churning off the coast of Alaska, which will have a domino effect across the

country. It will cause a huge dip in the jetstream, allowing temperatures to plummet. Much of the country will experience the coldest temperatures

of the season, with highs only in the 20s and 30s for the Midwest by early next week.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Who`s on a roll this Monday? We`re going to start up north today, and by north I mean Canada. St. Michael Catholic School is in Guelph,

Ontario. Good to see the Stingers are watching. Not too far southeast from there, in New Rochelle, New York, we`ve got the Albert Leonard Middle

School Leopards. And now to Kearney, Nebraska, where the Vikings are watching. Hello to everyone in West Kearney High School.

Yesterday, November 9, was the anniversary of a major event in the Cold War. This was a rivalry that developed after World War II between the U.S.

and the Soviet Union. There wasn`t open combat between them, but the two superpowers supported different sides of conflict in the Korean War and

Vietnam among other places.

A wall built in the German capital came to represent the Cold War. It stood between democracy and communism, and it cracked in 1989.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ATIKA SHUBERT, CNN CORRESPONDENT: In the embers of World War II, a defeated Germany was carved up, occupied by Britain, France and the United

States to the west, and the Soviet Union to the east. Berlin, which lay well within the eastern territory, was also divided. The west, an island

of capitalism engulfed by a communist super block. Though many Berliners could still move freely within the city – well, that was until August 13,

1961. Berliners awoke to a barbed wire fence surrounding the western part of the city. A barrier to contain East Germans hungry for the lifestyles

of the West. Overnight, families were split, and East Berliners working in the West were cut off from their jobs.

Barbed wire soon became a sprawling concrete colossus, stretching 155 kilometers. Thousands of armed guards kept watch from 302 observation

towers.

Now, looking out from the east, past the outer wall, is an area known as the death zone, where guards would shoot to kill. A signal fence here

sends a silent alarm when touched. Next, tank tropes (ph) before a terrible carpet of metal spikes, nicknamed felons` lawn (ph). Then the

wall as the West saw it, 3.6 meters tall, topped with a half pipe in places to make scaling it almost impossible.

More than 100,000 East Germans attempted to escape past the wall. At least 5,000 succeeded, but more than 200 died trying.

JOHN F. KENNEDY, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Ich bin ein Berliner.

SHUBERT: One of President Kennedy`s most rousing speeches was delivered here at the wall, within earshot of the East. A message repeated years

later by President Reagan.

RONALD REAGAN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

SHUBERT: In 1989, cracks began to show. Guards were told not to shoot. Thousands rallied for freedom in East Berlin. On the 9th of November, a

sea change. East Germans would be allowed to cross the border. Thousands headed to the wall. Tearful, jubilant Germans from both sides began to

hack and rip down the concrete. Excited welcoming hands reached over. East Berliners soaked up the strange Western wonderland. Sparkling with

the things they had so long been denied.

In less than a year, the wall was in tatters, and the iron curtain was being pulled back. Germany fractured for four decades, was united once

more.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Two words, holy and cow! That`s pretty much how everyone who sees Blossom describes Blossom. The average Holstein or Holstein cow weighs

around 1500 pounds and stands around 4.5 feet tall. Blossom has bloomed her way into the record books for tallest cow. 2000 pounds, 6 feet 4

inches of moo. She`s so big, she`s got her own Facebook page, and her owner says she`s hormone free. It took just oats, grass, and hey that made

her this way. Now we know the answer to where`s the beef. People who see that beauty as bovine can`t help having a cow. She`s un-bull-eivable. A

true modern moo-vel. Something with incalculable influence whenever she stands tall. I think we`re milking this for all it`s worth, with all the

puns we cud think of, and we don`t want to fence you in or push it past your classtime, so join us again tomorrow when CNN STUDENT NEWS returns.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Commemorating Veterans Day this November 11. History and tributes are coming up on CNN STUDENT NEWS. I`m Carl Azuz.

First up, a major data breach, but not like the ones we`ve told you about before in retail stores or in the cloud, in databases.

Hackers tried to get personal information anywhere it`s stored digitally. That includes systems of the U.S. government.

Officials say the U.S. Postal Service was hacked (ph). Information on almost 3 million customers, people who use the Postal Service was

compromised. Names, addresses, phone numbers, email records.

That`s in addition to birth dates and payroll records for 750,000 postal service workers. The USPS is paying to help protect their credit, the FBI

is investigating, mail service wasn`t affected. But one lawmaker says the frequency and sophistication of cyber-attacks highlights the need for

better cyber security.

Police, the media and the government are keeping a close eye on Ferguson, Missouri. This is a town of just over 21,000 people, and it`s been on edge

since August 9. That`s when a white police officer named Darren Wilson shot and killed an African-American 18-year old named Michael Brown. Brown

was unarmed. Some witnesses say he was trying to surrender to the officer when he was shot.

Police say Brown attacked the officer and reached for his gun before he was shot.

Massive protests, some peaceful, some violent followed the shooting. Most demonstrators want a grand jury to charge Officer Wilson with a crime. But

a CNN legal analyst said recent leaks about the case have supported the police`s side of the story.

The grand jury`s decision could come this month, people there are preparing.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SARA SIDNER, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Ferguson is on edge. Some business owners are busy fortifying their shops.

CONSTANCE GARNETT, BUSINESS OWNER: It`s hurtful. It is really, really hurtful.

SIDNER: Salon owner Constance Garnett says she can`t afford to take a chance that unrest will crash head on into the business she built here for

the past 11 years.

GARNETT: If they should come and loot our area, then it`s going to cost us.

SIDNER: Protests haven`t stopped for three months on her street so we asked one of the police`s most confrontational protesters about those

concerns.

BASAM MASRI, ST. LOUIS RESIDENT: Now, as far as what`s happened within the last 90 days, people will know that if you have been paying attention,

there hasn`t been any looting, or violence, what not. We`ve been completely peaceful.

CROWD: (INAUDIBLE)

SIDNER: Nevertheless, plenty of folks worry that may change. If the grand jury announcement goes against what protesters want — the indictment of

Officer Darren Wilson for the killing of unarmed teenager Michael Brown.

At a gun shop near Ferguson, the manager says sales of firearms for personal protection are up about 50 percent.

JOHN STEPHENSON, BUSINESS OWNER: Every time that door opens we`re seeing new faces every day. Dozens of new faces coming in.

SIDNER (on camera): Do you think that`s because of what`s happened in Ferguson?

STEPHENSON: I think it is. I think – I think people in general, because it`s spread beyond Ferguson now.

SIDNER (voice over): The mayor of Ferguson says he`s heard all about it, too.

MAYOR JAMES KNOWLES, FERGUSON, MISSOURI: The plus side of that is that, you know, every one of them I spoke to have went out and taken a training

class, have went out and tried to learn the law.

SIDNER: But not everyone is convinced there`s going to be chaos. At the Ferguson Burger Bar and More, which opened just a day before Brown was

killed, no boards. Unlike most of his neighbors.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I`m here, I`m open, I`m not going anywhere.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: The U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs says major changes are ahead for his department. It`s biggest reorganization since it was established

in 1930.

A scandal at the VA began to unfold late last year. That`s when it was revealed U.S. veterans were having to wait, sometimes for months to get

medical care.

Nationwide, more than 100,000 veterans were affected, some died waiting for treatment.

Robert McDonald took over the department three months ago. He says the VA plans to hire 28,000 medical workers to stuff its hospitals and clinics.

And that thousands of its current employees have been disciplined. But only one senior leader has been fired, and critics say Secretary McDonald is not

moving fast enough to fix Veterans Affairs. Some U.S. veterans are still on waiting lists for treatment.

Five key facts in honor of Veterans` Day.

First, it`s not to be confused with Memorial Day. That`s in May, remembering men and women who died while serving their country. Veterans`

Day is for anyone living or dead who`s ever served in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Second, it originally started this Armistice Day, on November 11, 1918, the Armistice that ended World War One went into effect.

Ceremonies honoring its veterans started a year later.

Third, it`s symbolized by poppies. These flowers are often associated with the First World War and its battlefields. Poppies are worn to remember

veterans and raise money to support them.

Fourth, Armistice Day officially became Veterans` Day in 1954. That was after World War II and the Korean War. American officials wanted to honor

people who`d served in any conflict.

Fifth, the holiday is also marked in Australia, Britain, Canada and France. It`s also known as Remembrance Day and it`s celebrated on Remembrance

Sunday in Britain.

Roll call? Love saying that. We are kicking things off today in the capital of Idaho, the grizzlies are there. Can you bear it? Riverglen

Junior High School is in Boise. Ludlow is a city in northern Kentucky, and at Ludlow High School we`ve got the Panthers watching today. And one state

south, in the city of Troy, Tennessee, say hello to the rebels of Obion County Central High School.

OK. Drones. You`ve seen video from them on our show. They are being used in warfare. They are being used in space. We`ve talked about them,

potentially delivering packages.

What about rescuing people who are having heart attacks. Could that ideal one day get off the ground?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: One day, a drone might just save your life.

When you or someone you love is having a medical emergency, every second that passes is precious. Especially when it comes to heart attacks.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I think he had a heart attack.

CRANE: According to the CDC, brain death begins just four to six minutes after cardiac arrest. And here in the U.S., only eight percent of people

who suffer a heart attack outside the hospital survive.

That`s where 23-year old Alec Momont steps in.

The Delft University of Technology graduate student is trying to use drones to cut response time in those crucial moments.

For his final project, he developed a sort of ambulance drone that he says can fly defibrillator up to 4.6 square miles in under a minute. That`s a

lot faster than the average ambulance response time here in the New York City, which is 9.5 minutes. The drone is equipped with cameras to absorb

and assess the patient, and also has voice communication to direct those on the scene. On how to treat the victim in those critical moments before

medical personnel arrive on the scene.

But now, I was suspicious of the caller`s ability to properly diagnose the patient. They may be a good Samaritan, but most don`t boast a medical

degree. What if it isn`t a heart attack? How can they really tell?

Apparently, the defibrillator is equipped with sensors that can determine whether the patient is actually in need of a shock. The drones are

expected to cost at least $15,000. And Momont estimates that his technology can help increase the rate of survival by 60 to 80 percent. He

hopes that someday these little lifesavers will be stationed at cell phone towers around the city. For now, though, countries have to figure out if

or how they`ll allow drones to be used in public. And Momont is figuring out how to increase battery life on the drone. As the current version only

lasts ten to 15 minutes.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Homecoming. Some of the best moments we see in news involved U.S. Service men and women being reunited with their loved ones. It`s even

better when it`s a surprise.

So, we are wrapping up today`s show in Veterans Day coverage with homecomings.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Please welcome back home the First Lieutenant (cheers and applause)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Who has just returned from Afghanistan.

(CHEERS)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Oh, my god!

(CHEERS AND APPLAUSE)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Ah! I love you!

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Daddy!

(CHEERS AND APPLAUSE)

(END VIDEO CLIP)

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Hi. I`m Carl Azuz. We`ve got an international and interplanetary show for you today. Ten minutes of commercial free current

events starts now.

First up, to Asia. China is host to an APEC summit, APEC for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. It works to improve the economies and trade between

its 21 member countries. President Obama is scheduled to meet with Chinese president Xi Jinping today. These two men are the leaders of the world`s

two largest economies, but at any international meeting between world leaders others subjects are bound to come up.

Iran, Syria, Ukraine – three topics that the U.S. and Russia have been at odds over were discussed when President Obama crossed pads with Russian

President Vladimir Putin.

Relations between the U.S. and Russia aren`t the only thing on these leaders` minds.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: With China staging a dazzling summit to showcase its economic might, President Obama is eager to prove for lame duck in

Washington, all is not fowl on the world stage.

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: There should be no doubt that the United States of America remains entirely committed when

it comes to Asia.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The president is walking a diplomatic tight rope, both competing for business in Asia and pressuring China over its human rights

record in places like Hong Kong.

OBAMA: We believe in freedom of speech. We believe in freedom of association. We believe in openness in government.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: But Mr. Obama started this three nation journey with a new foreign policy notch on his belt. The release of American prisoners

from North Korea, a top secret operation he insisted was no diplomatic mission.

Administration officials said it was the North Koreans who controlled the timing.

OBAMA: We have an indication that there was the possibility of the release of these two hostages. And we pursued it.

VLADIMIR PUTIN, RUSSIAN PRESIDENT (speaking Russian)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Flexing his own muscle in Asia, Russian President Vladimir Putin is cutting deals with China to bolster his economy after

sanctions stemming from the crisis in Ukraine. But Putin was a little more than a destruction for Mr. Obama who was lining up more support for the

battle against ISIS, after he doubled the number of U.S. troops on the ground in Iraq.

OBAMA: We are recognizing the need for us to ramp up Iraqi capabilities.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The key question for the president on this trip is whether his standing on the world stage is diminished by this shrinking

status back in Washington.

As One Chinese newspaper said, the lame duck president will be further crippled by the midterms. A political defeat the president now concedes is

on him.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: There are lots of questions surrounding a recent airstrike in Iraq. It happened over the weekend, targeting the ISIS terrorist group. Reports

from Iraq`s government suggest the leader of ISIS, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi might have been hit. So is he injured? Who launched the airstrike? Where

in Iraq did it happen? We told you there were a lot of questions.

Experts say that even al-Baghdadi is injured or killed, ISIS is too well organized to follow that up without him. It has a cabinet of advisors, it

has a religious cancel that ensures ISIS is sticking to its interpretation of Islamic law.

Analysts say there`s probably a clear line of succession for ISIS leadership so the U.S.-led fight against it will likely continue.

Eight of nine Ebola patients who`ve been treated in the U.S. have survived the dangerous virus. That includes Dr. Craig Spencer. Officials say he`s

cured of the disease less than a month after he was diagnosed with it.

Dr. Spencer had contracted Ebola while treating victims in Guinea, but he didn`t show symptoms until after he`d gotten back home to New York.

At this time, there are no other people in the U.S. with the hemorrhagic fever. That`s not the case in Africa. In this year`s outbreak, more than

13,000 Ebola cases have been reported, half of those who`ve gotten it in Africa have died.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: In a region desperate for good news, some progress in the fight against the Ebola epidemic. At treatment centers in Liberia,

there are more empty beds and fewer burials. A sign that the number of cases is down.

The surprising slowdown was confirmed by the World Health Organization. Health officials say they are cautiously optimistic, but warn against

declaring a premature victory.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: This are slowing down. But are we there yet? No. Do we need to do more? Yes.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Even more treatment centers are being built, as international aid continues to arrive in the region.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We just entered the high risk area in Monrovia medical unit.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: This one of the kind treatment center built by U.S. troops is set to open. U.S. health workers have been training extensively

at the 25 bed facility to trade medical workers infected with the virus.

A different scene in neighboring Sierra Leone where the number of Ebola cases continues to climb. Treatment centers in Freetown are still crowded

with the sick.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Abu Bakr ..

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And outside the capital, aid workers are busy delivering food to rural villages that remain under quarantine.

And in Ghana, West African leaders were screened with the laser thermometer for signs of the virus as they gather to talk about how to fight the

epidemic. They say despite some short term gains, economies in the hardest hit nations are still suffering, and much more international help is

needed.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: We are dedicating the first part of today`s “Roll Call” to the home schoolers out there. We know a lot of you in the U.S. and abroad are

watching this with the parent who teaches you. So, thank you for making us part of your day.

Next, we are visiting the capital of Colorado. It`s good to see the White Tigers watching in Denver at Joan Farley Academy at Lowry.

And on the Big Island of Hawaii, the Hilo High School Vikings are online. Hello, to everyone at Hilo.

At 48 miles long and 37 miles wide, Rhode Island is the smallest U.S. state. But it has the biggest name – but Carl, you might say Rhode Island

has 11 letters in it. North and South Carolina, each have 13. We`ll check it. Rhode Island`s official name is State of Rhode Island and

Providence Plantation.

That`s huge and that`s random.

It`s called the Rosetta Mission. For the first time ever, scientists are attempting to land a manmade spacecraft on a comet. You are looking at an

animation of our Solar System. The comet we are talking about has the purple orbit on your screen. It`s named comet 67-P. Rosetta is the

spacecraft that`s been traveling to it. It has the red orbit. It`s a $1.7 billion project by the European Space Agency.

It`s taken ten years for Rosetta to meet up with comet 67-P. Now, it`s on the break of releasing its small lander. About the size of the Washing

machine, under the comet surface e.

Scientists are hoping it will gather all kinds of information. The density in heat on comet 67-P. The chemicals that might be there.

They want to know what comets are made of, and how they react when they get close to the Sun. But landing this really hard to do. Researchers say it

has to land at the right time, in the right direction, with the right velocity. If it doesn`t, the mission could come to a crashing halt.

If the lander hits a boulder or a crevice, it could tip over. It will take half an hour for the lander`s signal even to reach Earth, letting them know

if this worked. As one European space agency scientist put it, everything is knew.

Finally today, jetpacks: the kind that let you soar above the Earth are hugely impractical, they can cost $200,000. But the water kind, which

attached to a jet ski, are closer to 9,000 plus the jet ski. But they are making it easier for average folks to jet.

(VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Not as much fun in cold water unless your jet suit is a wet suit. But if jets suit you, and the wet suits you, and your curiosity if wet by

wet jets, what are you waiting for? Get up, stood (ph) up, pack up and jet up – wherever a jetpack backpack packs jacks – jack – CNN STUDENT NEWS jets

back tomorrow.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: We are kicking off Thursday`s edition of CNN STUDENT NEWS by defining lame duck Congress. This is the session between

an election last week`s midterms and when the newly elected leaders take office in January. Congress`s lame duck session began yesterday. It`s

considering bills on government funding, tax breaks, fighting Ebola in West Africa, arming rebels in Syria`s civil war. But a lot of eyes are on

President Obama.

He`s been considering taking executive action making controversial changes to U.S. immigration law, and he may act during Congress`s lame duck

session.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

JOHN BOEHNER, (R) HOUSE SPEAKER: I believe that if the president continues to act on his own he`s going to poison the well. When you play with

matches, you take the risk of burning yourself. And he`s going to burn himself if he continues to get down this path. The American people made it

clear Election Day they want to get things done, and they don`t want the president acting on a unilateral basis.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: But while Republicans and some Democrats have urged President Obama to wait for Congress to take the lead on immigration law, he says he`s

waited long enough.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: For a year, I stood back and let him work on this, he decided not to call the Senate

bill. And he couldn`t produce his own bill.

And I told him at the time, John, if you don`t it I`ve got legal authority to make improvements on the system I prefer and still prefer to see it done

through Congress, but every day that I wait, we misallocating resources, we are deporting people that shouldn`t be deported. We are not deporting

folks that are dangerous and need to be deported. So, John, I`m going to give you some time, but if you can`t get it done before the end of the

year, I`m going to have to take the steps that I can .

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Decades ago the word immigration conjured of images of boats at Ellis Island, of course, the Statue of Liberty. Today, it`s a different

story. The issue is more heated, more politicized, more complicated. Immigrants are now entering the U.S. from every corner, Miami to Seattle,

L.A. to New York, and especially along the Mexican border. We are talking more than 40 million immigrants in the United States right now, but legally

and illegally, that`s roughly 13 percent of our population, making America the number one destination on Earth for immigrants.

So, who are these new arrivals? Well, better (ph) 11 million are undocumented, the number that`s increased almost year by year since 2000.

Of those who become legal residents, you`d probably guess some of them are from Mexico. You`d be right. 14 percent. But you might be surprised to

find out the next two leading countries of birth for new U.S. residents, China and India. Those are the two most populated countries on the planet.

The high today in Roseholt, South Dakota, 17 degrees Fahrenheit, but it`s not stopping the radars. They are leading off the roll today at Roseholt

High School.

Moving west to the battle born state, we`ve got the cowboys watching its Chaparral High School. Hello, Las Vegas, Nevada. And on the Pacific

Coast, in Astoria, Oregon, we are rocking and roll calling with the Astoria Middle School Vikings.

For the first time ever a manmade spacecraft like from Earth has landed on a comet not from Earth. The announcement and celebrations from the

European Space Agency. Yesterday, scientists working on its Rosetta Mission say their probe made contact with the surface of Comet 67-P. The

probe weighs about 220 pounds, it`s equipped with several experiments that would test the surface of the comet and what happens to it as it approaches

the Sun. But this wasn`t a perfect landing. Some of the spacecraft`s landing systems didn`t properly secure it to the comet, and because it

takes a while for information to make it from the comet to Earth, scientists are hoping to find out more about the landing today.

Time for the “Shoutout.”

Skillful negotiation with other people is best described as what? If you think you know it, shout it out.

Is it gerrymandering? Philanthropy? Altruism? Or diplomacy? You`ve got three seconds, go!

You often hear about the diplomacy or tactful negotiation between government officials. That`s your answer and that`s shoutout.

A lot of diplomacy between the U.S. and China this week. One result, a major agreement between the two countries` leaders on reducing greenhouse

gases, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane. Most scientists blame greenhouse gases for polluting the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.

But critics say, setting limits on greenhouse gases eliminates jobs and hurts the U.S. economy.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JONATHAN MANN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Americans emit more greenhouse gases per capita than the people of any of the world`s major economies. China with

the population more than four times out of the U.S. emits more greenhouse gases than any country on Earth.

Together, they account for about 40 percent of the entire planet`s greenhouse gas pollution.

Visiting Beijing this week, a city infamous for its foul air, President Obama had high hopes.

OBAMA: I`d like to recall the Chinese saying that reflects the spirit of possibility. Nothing is too difficult as long as people have resolve.

MANN: But resolve alone may not be enough for the greenhouse gas agreement he struck with China. The deal calls for the United States to build on

efforts already under way to cut its carbon emissions with dramatic cuts by 2025. China would be permitted to keep generating more and more emissions

until 2030 when its output would be capped. Beijing would also aim to get 20 percent of its energy from zero carbon emission sources like wind or sun

by the same year.

Some environmentalists are already praising the agreement, but it won`t be an enormous challenge to both nations.

Coal, a particularly dirty fuel, is just one example of the problem. China`s exploding economy needs energy, and the country reportedly

completes a new Copeland every eight to ten days.

The U.S. relies on Copelands for more of its electricity than any other source. And it`s just elected a new Republican majority Senate whose

leader is from the co-producing state of Kentucky and opposes the new accord.

SEN. MITCH MCCONNELL (R) MINORITY LEADER: Because I read the agreement. It requires the Chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years while these

carbon emission regulations are creating havoc in my state and other states around the country.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: So, on everything, from international agreements to domestic debates to communicating clearly, diplomacy plays a part. It can help develop

mutual respect, even when two different sides don`t see it eye to eye. It can be learned, and one way to do that is to study abroad, gaining an

understanding about another culture by immersing yourself in it. Back to China.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

DAVID MCKENZIE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The morning rush to school in Beijing. Except this school is paced with teens from Across America.

Juniors and seniors spending a full year abroad in China.

(on camera): Was it very challenging?

ANTHONY BOX, STUDYING ABROAD: In the beginning, it was extremely challenging.

MCKENZIE (voice over): Alex, and Virginia native Anthony Box is here to Master Mandarin, Chinese history and even music.

Though the two-stringed erhu is pretty tricky.

The school year abroad program allows American students to come to China and be totally immersed in the culture, but also in a way it`s teenage

diplomacy.

Both the U.S. and China hope that human interaction and understanding can help their sometimes frosty relationship. And at 17, Anthony already gets

it.

BOX: We are the new generation, so when we get older, we are going to have to deal with like all these problems and stuff. And so, it`d be really

good to (INAUDIBLE) experience the world. So we know what we have to do .

MCKENZIE: Anthony says he learns more outside of the classroom where he commutes just like any other Beijinger.

BOX: Bing`s (ph) kind of like a pancake, but without all of the other ingredients like syrup and sugar.

MCKENZIE (on camera): OK. So, this is yours – you are (INAUDIBLE) snack.

BOX: Yes.

(LAUGHTER)

MCKENZIE: That is good?

BOX: Yes. It`s very good. I really like it.

MCKENZIE (voice over): He lives with the Chinese family and calls his Chinese host mother mom. Before joining the program, Wang Zhang had never

spent much time with Americans. Now, she`s hosted three. “This is close personal interaction”, she says. These boys have become like my own

children.

Anthony`s life will be about China for a year. But he hopes to carry the lessons he`s learned for a lifetime.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: You`ve probably heard some people being accused of living inside a bubble. Ever wonder what the view is like? Aboard the International Space

Station, scientists recently found out: in weightlessness water just kind of balls up and floats around. So, astronauts playing with a softball size

glob of water turn on a small camera and pushed it inside. The view looked cool to them. It looks cool to us. Goldfish would be unimpressed.

I mean for us it might create ripple effects and impress viewers around the globe. But it`s really just like a fish-i-lands (ph), and what fish is a

big fin of that? It`s just bubbles in bubbles. I can put in water, though it lends itself to some pretty aquatable (ph) video. CNN STUDENT NEWS

hopes to see you Friday.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Whether you are watching this first thing in the morning or it`s ten minutes before the bell rings at the end of the day,

Fridays are awesome. I`m Carl Azuz with CNN STUDENT NEWS. There are just over 316 million people in the U.S. and two thirds of them are feeling a

blast of unseasonably cold weather. Now, cold is relative. Today`s high here in Atlanta, Georgia is 46, but it`s normally 64 this time of year.

The other day Casper, Wyoming`s high was two, as in two degrees. It`s normally 45 right now. Denver, Colorado, Lovett, Texas, Livingston,

Montana, they`ve all set records this week involving cold temperatures for mid-November. It`s not that it never gets cold in these places or other

American cities. It`s that it never does it so early in the season. So why?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Blame the bomb cyclone. Yep, that`s right. Bomb cyclone is actually a real weather term.

Frigid weather and snow are already in the U.S. So, how did it happen? Blame it on the leftovers from Super-typhoon Nuri. It built up to Alaska

mixing warm tropical air with the polar vortex. And changing the direction of the Jetstream allowing cold air just going to the U.S.

Normally, between the polar vortex stays where it`s supposed to be – in the North Pole, trapping frigid air up where it belongs. But the bomb cyclone

shook things up and sent all that Arctic air south.

Bottom line, winter came early and it might be here to stay.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Quite a different natural event to catch you up on in the 50th U.S. state. We`ve been reporting on a slow moving disaster, a creeping lava

flow from Hawaii`s Kilauea Volcano. Since late June, the 2,000 degree lava has been bubbling its way toward a Hawaiian town named Pahoa.

It overtook and burned down a home there early this week. It happened in 45 minutes. NO one was hurt, the family get evacuated in September.

There`s hope for other parts of the community: for several days now, there`s been a pause in the lava`s advance. The eruption hasn`t stopped,

but the main lava flow isn`t moving towards structures at this time.

Scientists with European Space Agency say their Rosetta mission is trying to answer very big questions about the solar system`s history. But a

simpler question they are working on involves their comet lander. Where exactly is it? The $1.4 billion mission made history this week by placing

the spacecraft on the comet 67-P, but not everything is going according to plan.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

FREDERIK PLEITGEN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Absolutely stunning images that we`re seeing from the surface of the comet 67-P, which is, of course, some

310 million miles away from Earth. Now, the interesting thing about these images is that they are stunning to the scientists themselves. They

believed that on the comet surface they would find a very powdery substance, they believed the surface itself might be very soft, and that

the lander, if bad comes to worse, might sink in and wouldn`t be able to transmit any signals back to Earth. However, what we are seeing on these

images seems to be a very rocky surface, but it`s unclear whether or not those are really rocks or whether those might be ice crystals mixed with

some sort of metallic dust.

Again, these are all things that the Philae lander is supposed to find out in the coming days.

One of the interesting things that they just told us is that the landing seems to have been a rodeo ride, by any stretch of the imagination. What

happened was, Philae lander came and touched down pretty much in exactly the spot where they wanted it to touch down, but then a harpoon system

didn`t deploy. It jumped back up. That jump took two hours, because, of course, there is very little gravity here. Then, it came back down very

close to some sort of crater, jumped again for another seven minutes, and then came to a standstill. And they think that right now it`s on the edge

of a cliff. It`s probably standing with two feet on the ground, the third foot, they believe, is up in the air. They are not exactly sure where it

is right now. They know it`s on the comet, because that`s what the sensors are telling them. And, they say, that pretty much all of the scientific

instruments are working, the one thing they think might be a problem is drilling, because the harpoon system failed and therefore the comet is not

attached to the lander or the lander attached to the attached to the comet, and they are afraid if they try something like that, that it might actually

fall off the comet.

There is one problem that they have with the mission right now, and that is the place where they act right now, close to that cliff, seems to be pretty

far away from any sort of sunlight, so they are getting a lot less sunlight than they actually thought, and that`s a problem because right now it`s

running on battery power, but it will need power on the solar panel. It`s going to need light rays if it wants to recharge those batteries and

continue their scientific experiments for a long time to come.

So, that is something that they are working on, they say could impact the mission, but at this point in time, of course, people here in this town of

Darmstadt, Germany, absolutely jubilant at what they`ve achieved and that is to catch a comet in the middle of space.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Getting thousands of “Roll Call” request in our transcript page at cnnstudentnews.com. Thanks for your continued request and your patience.

We are kicking things off at Washington Middle School. It`s in Albuquerque, New Mexico, it`s the home of the Radars. Paddling upstream to

Beaver Creek High School, it`s in Beaver Creek, Ohio, with the Beavers watching CNN STUDENT NEWS.

And in the pine tree state, the city of Old Town, Maine, we`ve got the Coyotes or the Coyotes of Old Town High School. Hello to all of you.

An investigator for the United Nations says North Korea`s leader may be responsible for massive human rights abuses. A U.N. report published in

February accused the Asian country`s government of torturing, murdering and starving people. It didn`t directly named Kim Jong-un. But a U.N.

investigator now says there is enough evidence to hold the dictator responsible.

North Korea says the investigation is part of a U.S. plot to destroy its political system. We know that system is communist, we know that

government controls the media, we know that Kim Jong-un leads that government.

But there is a lot we don`t know about Kim himself.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ELISE LABOTT, CNN CORRESPONDENT: North Korea is famous for creating cults of personality around the leaders of the country, and Kim Jong-un is no

exception.

He was the youngest son of the previous leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-il, and his favorite wife Ko Yong-hui. Now, as a child, he was sent to a

prestigious boarding school in Switzerland where he registered under an assumed name and claimed to be the son of a Korean diplomat. He then

attends at the Korean Military Academy and was quickly promoted up the military`s ranks. When in days of his father`s death in 2011, Kim Jong-un

was transitioned into power with support from the country`s ruling elite.

Now, despite North Korea`s pariah status on the international stage, Kim Jong-un is creating an almost God-like image for himself in home, similar

to that of his grandfather, Kim Il-sung. Wherever he goes, he`s met with fanatical devotion. Mend wade waist deep just to get a look at him, women

are crying at his feet. It`s really hard to know how much of this devotion is real, but the North Korean regime is doing a pretty good job of keeping

the cult of Kim alive.

Now, just like his father before him, Kim has drawn the ire of the international community for his nuclear antics and his human rights abuses.

Since he took power, prison camps in North Korea have expanded, and there`s been a serious crackdown on would be defectors.

Kim shocked the world when he had his own uncle executed. And since then he`s been purging party officials who have any connection to the uncle.

Trying to flack some of that criticism, Kim has been trying to show his softer side. He`s been photographed touring children`s hospitals and

orphanages, and he`s ordered construction of amusement parks and ski resorts in the country.

But despite the cults of personality that Kim has created, North Korea is steel seen as one of the most opaque countries in the world. North Korea

watchers say that jovial face we see (INAUDIBLE) the dark reality for the North Korean people.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Two things that may not seem like they go together. Surfing and Alaska. Yes, you need a wetsuit, and the wave not far from Anchorage can

tumble for 50 miles. It`s a board-tide, when seawater surges in from a broad bay to a narrowing inland. The young lady you see surfing that

turned again arm board tides (ph) says she`ll go for as long as she can stand and not get distracted by the beautiful scenery. Sometimes she`ll

even take a rest, even while she`s riding a wave.

Of course, a board tide, or a tidal board could become a tidal bore if you detide your board in a pour of the ride of the tide any bore. If not, the

tide ride is good tidings for good ridings, with time in tide, tied for a ride, delighting riders biding (ph) time -(INAUDIBLE).

Tide. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN STUDENT NEWS.