6 Minute English – Could vegetarians save the world?

Rob
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Rob …

Finn
… and hello, I’m Finn.

Rob
Now Finn, there is nothing I like more than tucking into a juicy steak, munching on a hamburger or chewing on a nice piece of roast beef.

Finn
It does sound good, doesn’t it? But meat eaters, like us, might need to think again about the amount we eat.

Rob
That’s right because in the programme today we’re discussing how eating meat can add to the problem of greenhouse gas.

Finn
Greenhouse gas is a type of gas that stops heat escaping from the atmosphere and causes a greenhouse effect – it warms up our planet – and that leads to climate change.

Rob
Yes, that’s it’s not a good thing. We have heard in the past about greenhouse gas being caused by pollution from factories…

Finn
… and from using containers of things like paint or perfume, which is kept under high pressure so that it can be sprayed – we call these aerosols.

Rob
But according to a recent report, the production of meat is also adding to the problem. We’ll talk more about this soon and looking at some related vocabulary, but not before we’ve set today’s question. Are you ready, Finn?

Finn
Ready and waiting, Rob.

Rob
According to a study in America, how many tonnes of beef is produced globally every year?

a)    59 million tonnes

b)    69 million tonnes

c)    79 million tonnes

Finn
Let’s go supersize and say 79 million tonnes.

Rob
I’ll let you know the answer at the end of the programme. Let’s continue our discussion about the link between meat and greenhouse gases.

Finn
Research from Cambridge and Aberdeen universities estimates greenhouse gases from food production will go up 80% if meat and dairy consumption continues to rise at its current rate. ‘Consumption’ here means the process of eating food.

Rob
So more and more of us are eating meat – there is a surge. Let’s find out exactly why from BBC Environment Analyst, Roger Harrabin. See if you can hear why meat production is causing the problem …

Insert
BBC Environment Analyst, Roger Harrabin
The surge in meat eating will drive more deforestation as farmers seek increasing amounts of land, the study says. Cutting forests releases greenhouse gases from the wood and the soil, and fertilisers create greenhouse gases too. The report says under current trends, agriculture alone will cause the world to bust its targets for reducing the risk of dangerous climate change.

Finn
So eating more meat means farmers need more land to keep their animals on. And to get more land, they need to cut down trees – which is called deforestation.

Rob
It’s deforestation – cutting down forests – that causes greenhouse gases from wood and soil to be released. And there’s another reason too – the use of fertilisers.

Finn
These are natural or chemical substances added to the soil to help plants  grow. Like these plants, used to feed the animals.

Rob
And another problem is that more of the fields used for growing crops that we eat, like wheat, are being used to grow food to feed the animals that we later eat!

Finn
Research has also found beef cattle need 28 times more land than pork, poultry or dairy farming.

Rob
So it’s a big problem, but many of us have an appetite – a need or interest – for meat. Especially for carnivores. Carnivores are really animals that just eat meat but we refer to humans as carnivores too sometimes because they just love meat. Something else is tempting us too.

Finn
Yes, something is encouraging us to eat more. See if you can hear what it is in the next part of Roger Harribin’s report…

Insert
BBC Environment Analyst, Roger Harrabin

The real challenge is the public’s appetite. There’s a burger restaurant boom in major cities. People are voting with their bellies and it’s not normally mushroom burgers they’re after!    

Rob
Some interesting language there. He described the increase in burger restaurants as a ‘boom’ – so a major increase. And he said people are voting with their bellies …

Finn
A nice phrase – he means, people are showing they like burger restaurants by going to them and eating more.

Rob
And they’re not buying burgers made of vegetables or things like mushroom burgers – they’re buying and eating meat, like beef burgers.

Finn
Well, with meat consumption predicted to double in the next 40 years as people globally get wealthier, it’s a problem that’s not going to go away.

Rob
A bit like today’s question – today’s question was, according to a scientific study in America, how many tonnes of beef is produced globally every year?

Finn
I said c) 79 million tonnes.

Rob
That’s a lot to eat but you are wrong. The answer is 59 million tonnes. This is according to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It also found cattle are the biggest source of greenhouse gases, accounting for more than three-quarters of all gases made by farming livestock around the world. Well before we chew over that fact, Finn could you please remind us of some of the words we have heard today?

Finn
Ok:

tucking into – eat with enjoyment and enthusiasm

greenhouse gas – a gas that stops heat from escaping from the atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect

consumption – (here) process of eating or drinking

deforestation – cutting down trees in a large area

fertiliser – a natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land to make plants grow well

appetite – a feeling of wanting or needing something (usually food)

carnivore – person who eats meat

boom – large and sudden increase in business

Rob
Well, that brings us to the end of today’s 6 Minute English. We hope you’ve enjoyed today’s programme. Please join us again soon. Bye.

Finn
Bye.