CNN Student News with transcript Week 14, 2014

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: It`s the last day of March. I hope it`s going well for you so far. I`m Carl Azuz with CNN STUDENT NEWS. Today`s show begins in Ukraine. U.S. officials say there maybe tens of thousands of Russian troops near Ukraine`s eastern border. Russia annexed Crimea, formerly a region of Ukraine earlier this month. After Crimeans voted to be part of Russia. Does Russia want to take over more of Ukraine? It says it has no intention of invading, and that its troops are just doing military exercises. But this as Ukraine on the defensive, and tensions are high.

Yesterday, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry met with Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov to discuss ways to ease this crisis.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KARL PENHAUL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Dim lights cast long shadows over this border checkpoint, just beyond thousands of Russian troops amassing. The U.S. fears its old Cold War foe may be ready to roll into this corner of Northeast Ukraine.

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: It may simply be an effort to intimidate Ukraine or it may be that they`ve got additional plans.

PENHAUL: A short drive into Ukraine, Vladimir Fedorok is mastering (ph) a self-defense militia made up of civilian volunteers.

They know Western powers have no stomach for war. They are digging trenches aware they may be the last line of defense if Russian tanks invade.

VLADIMIR FEDOROK, COMMANDER SELF-DEFENSE MILITIA (through translator): If we don`t learn the lessons of Crimea, then we will be a nation of idiots. The Russian hordes are coming. We are in the middle of a geopolitical struggle.

PENHAUL: Most of the men here said they have had some military training. They`ve picked up second-hand uniforms from surplus stores, but they are short on real weapons. FEDOROK: We are preparing for guerilla-style partisan war, and we`ll divide into five men squads. Our government is too passive, and we can only hope for the support of ordinary Ukrainians.

PENHAUL: It`s clear they are winning that support when you see passes-by donating supplies.

OLEK PAMFIL, VAN DRIVER: It`s our troops need some help, so I have a decision to bring food for our troops.

PENHAUL: Up the highway, a detachment of Ukrainian troops. They say they are on high alert. A T-80 tank and personnel carrier`s pointed at nearby bridge. The order – defend it or blow it up. In Ukraine`s Crimea region, the army didn`t put up a fight, not clear if things here would be any different. Intelligence experts still don`t really know if the Russians are coming. Moscow insists they are just doing drills.

Among the Ukrainian soldiers here there`s very much a sense of disbelief. They say that during Soviet times and afterwards, they trained alongside the Russians. They still very much see them as brothers in arms. But now, they are facing them down the barrel of gun.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Next up, it wasn`t a major earthquake by Southern California standards, but people still felt it, and it caused some damage when it hit on Friday night. It was a tremor of magnitude 5.1. This brings only minor damage in areas that are used to earthquakes where buildings are built to withstand them. But there have been more than 100 aftershocks that struck over the weekend. So, it makes sense why some folks are on edge. First quake`s epicenter, the spot on the earth`s surface right above the quake starting point was in Orange County, part of the greater Los Angeles area. Emergency officials say one person was slightly injured. The last major quake to hit here was of magnitude 6.7 tremor in 1994. That one killed dozens of people and caused $42 billion in damage.

So, if something major strikes again, how would first responders be prepared? Think people who specialize in search and rescue, emergency medicine, dangerous materials disarming explosives? You can read about how to do that stuff in a book. But there`s a place where they actually train for these scenarios, a place where a fire chief says, the pretend goes away.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Help!

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We`ve got sent help, OK?

NICK VALENCIA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: About a 100 miles south of Atlanta, there are signs of disaster everywhere.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: so, this is the replica of the Murrah Building collapse in Oklahoma, a parking garage and the garden apartment collapsed from (INAUDIBLE)

VALENCIA: Welcome to Guardian Centers, a new training facility for first responders. For this pros, it`s kind of like a doomsday Disneyland. Built on the side of what once was a Cold War missile plant, the 830 acre property can recreate just about any disaster scenario imaginable.

CHRIS SCHAFF, BATTALION CHIEF: To come here and to be able to do this and like you said, as soon as you come in here, the – the pretend goes away.

VALENCIA (on camera): You`ve got smoke (INAUDIBLE) here, you`ve got the pretend. There`s no pretend about this.

SCHAFF: No, and at night they have fire that fires up. They have sparks, so you have really a disaster environment. You have buildings that collapsed.

All right, guys. Let`s settle up.

VALENCIA (voice over): First responders are fully immersed in simulations tailored to the center`s clients. Among them, FEMA, the U.S. Marines and elite urban search and rescue teams from across the country.

UF: Unknown on the status of any people inside. We have zero contract.

VALENCIA: The diverse disaster scenes, is really what makes this place state of the art. This is a real subway car that they brought from Washington D.C., and this scene here is meant to simulate an attack on a subway system.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Yeah, there`s been an explosion. They have (INAUDIBLE) smoke and flames, no one has been able to communicate, and anybody inside .

VALENCIA (on camera): When you had that idea all those years ago, and you look at this, what do you think?

GOEFF BURKART, GUARDIAN CENTERS OF GEORGIA: Oh, I guess the best way to summon up is that it meets and exceeds everything that I could dream of. There`s no public money in this initiative. And .

VALENCIA: This is all privately funded?

BURKART: It is. It`s – one of those right things to do that we are trying to make a business out of.

VALENCIA (voice over): Open for just 18 months, the center is change the game for disaster response training.

Real props are used, like that car submerged in water and actors positioned on top of these houses to help recreate the drama of a national disaster.

LOUIE FERNANDEZ, FEMA SPOKESMAN: When my eyes first saw this, it was a wow factor.

VALENCIA (voice over): A disaster journeyman for the last two decades, FEMA`s spokesman Louie Fernandez says the facility`s realism makes it a difficult test for anyone.

FERNANDEZ: Our men and women have been around the proverbial block for many years. But this facility, this type of environments that we are finding here, really puts us to work.

VALENCIA: Work, Fernandez says that will make his team better prepared for the next disaster. Nick Valencia, CNN, Perry, Georgia.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Haybalers! That`s not hey, bailers! It`s one word for one sweet mascot in Hollister, California. They haybalers of St. Benito High School are first up on today`s “Roll Call.” From now, we are going to ramble on over to Indiana because it`s in Attica High School that we found the ramblers. Good to see you in Attica, Indiana.

And in Tyrone, Georgia, not very far from Atlanta, we`ve got some Patriots on our roll. Hello to everyone at Sandy Creek High School.

Engineers at NASA are designing a new spacesuit. The ones astronauts wear now are 22 years old. They want the public to vote on its favorite design. NASA says one prototype would recall the world`s oceans, another is supposed to reflect advancements in technology, and a third option is intended to look like what people could be wearing in the years ahead.

Of course, it doesn`t look like something you`d see at the mall, but the first job of the Z2 space suit is to protect people in space. It has the most technologically advanced materials to make that possible. But previous suits have caused about $2 million each. Sine this one is still being designed, the price like the suit itself, could be on the rise.

Time for “The Shoutout.” What does the fox say? Takes a listen and shout it out. Is it A (SOUND), B (SOUND), C (SOUND), or D (HORSE NEIGHS)? You`ve got three seconds, go.

It`s not by mo-o-o-os. If you said see, you know what the fox say.

It`s not really an age-old question that Ylvis, a pair of Norwegian comedians asked last year, but we do have an answer (SOUND). Someone who brought this animal into a rescue center thought she was a dog. She`s not. But since she can no longer survive in the wild, an English animal sanctuary took her in. And now, we don`t have to risk getting rabbis to actually here what the fox say or what the fox says. It looks like she wild her way into a pretty good life. People who see that get all tickled, although you muzzled, try that with the wild fox. In that case, there`s something neferal (ph). I`m Carl Azuz, tomorrow we`ll have more stories to tail. I hope to see you all then.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: The college student created a Lego version of herself to send out as a resume. It`s not an April Fools` joke, it`s coming today on CNN STUDENT NEWS. First up, though, we are taking you to the Korean Peninsula. North and South Korea haven`t been involved in open conflict since 1953 when an armistice ended the fighting in the Korean War. But yesterday, they were exchanging fire, not on the land, but at sea. The North sent a fax yesterday warning its southern neighbor that it would be doing life fire exercises meaning military exercises with actual weapons. This is the first time in recent years that North Korea has had these kinds of drills, and South Korea called it a hostile threat. It said some North Korean shells landed in South Korean waters. So, it responded by firing back again into the sea and sending fighter jets to patrol the area. North Korea often provokes its neighbors by firing rockets and missiles into the ocean around the Korean Peninsula.

The United Nations is telling Japan to stop a yearly whale hunt. Since 2005 there`s been a Japanese program that`s captured hundreds of whales off the coast of Antarctica. Commercial whaling is illegal, but there`s a loophole in the law that allows whaling for scientific research. And Japan says its Antarctic program is for science. The International Court of Justice says that program is now banned. That there`s been more killing than scientific discovery. The ruling will not prevent Japan from hunting whales in other places, and smaller scale whaling by individuals is often allowed. But some Japanese say they are being unfairly singled out. Their whaling in general is Japanese tradition and that it should be respected as long as the whales are in endangered.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Is this legit? An estimated 65 percent of the world`s population has access to the Internet.

Not legit.

The CIA estimates there are just over 2 billion Internet users worldwide, or about 30 percent of the global population.

AZUZ: And more than half of those with Internet access use Facebook. More than a billion people. Last year, Facebook`s founder controversially called Internet access a human right. And while that`s debatable, Facebook`s hoping to get people connected in places where they are not, increasing both the number of people on line and potentially the number of people on Facebook. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Imagining for the first time in history humanity firing on whole cylinders.

RALITSA VASSILEVA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Facebook`s taking to the skies, in an effort to bring the Internet to the world. Turning its attention to unmanned aircraft or drones and satellites to reach the roughly 5 billion who can`t get the Internet.

CEO Mark Zuckerberg explained the vision to CNN`s Chris Cuomo last August.

MARK ZUCKERBERG, CEO FACEBOOK: Here, we use things like Facebook to share news and catch up with our friends, but there – they are going to use it to decide what kind of government they want, get access to health care for the first time ever, connect with family hundreds of miles away that they haven`t seen in decades. Getting access to the Internet is a really big deal.

VASSILEVA: Internet.org is Facebook`s effort to bring together the world`s biggest tech companies, to find a way to reach people with no access to the Internet. But first, Facebook has to figure out how to use this technology to reach those people, many of whom live in underdeveloped places in Asia and Africa. Zuckerberg says the company has hired experts from NASA and U.K. based a center, the developer of the longest lying solo power drones to help. Facebook`s Ciel Maquire (ph) says satellites are constantly on the move, so you have to figure out a way to capture the information, from which one of them while they are passing over specific place.

Solo powered unmanned aircraft can offer solution in less populated areas.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: So we are looking at a new type of plane architecture that flies at roughly 20,000 meters, 20 kilometers, because that`s a point where the winds are the lowest, it`s above commercial airlines, it`s even above the weather.

And actually can stay in the air for a month at a time. And these planes are solar powered and they sit there and they just circle around and they have the ability to just broadcast Internet down, but significantly closer than a satellite does.

VASSILEVA: Facebook says its motives are altruistic. Internet for all. But others point out that universal online access also opens up a world of new potential Facebook customers. Ralitza Vassileva, CNN.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Forget Internet. Today`s Roll Call mascots are going old school as in medieval legend old school. We`ll start with some dragons. Welcome to Gretna High School. Glad you`re watching in Gretna, Nebraska.

Next, we have the Lancers. Good to see you at Longfellow Middle School in Falls Church, Virginia.

And how about the black nights? They are up in Syracuse, New York, on the roll at Henninger High School.

Certain wind turbines are like giant three bladed fans. When the winds spins their blades then can generate renewal clean energy. They do make noise, which bothers some people and they are known to kill birds at wind farms. The U.S. is building several wind farms off shore. Scientists think they can survive weaker hurricanes. A Stanford professor says they could actually weaken hurricanes, though the number of turbines that that would take may not be feasible.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

FAREED ZAKARIA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Hurricane season won`t begin in the Atlantic basin until June 1st. But the South Pacific storm season is in full swing. At any point in time, in fact, it is the season for hurricanes, typhoons, or cyclones somewhere in the world. With winds up to an astounding 190 miles per hour, fierce storms can dump more than 2.4 trillion gallons of rain in a day. At this point the world really has nothing to defend against nature`s fury. But a Stanford study says there may be something that could stand in a hurricane`s way. Quite literally. It`s not some brand new technology or hypothetical machine I`m talking about. It`s wind turbines. According to the study, large numbers of wind turbines could slow down the outer winds of the hurricane, decrease wave heights, and cause it to dissipate faster. The authors say 78,000 300-foot turbines off the coast of New Orleans could have reduced Hurricane Katrina`s wind speeds by as much as 98 miles per hour by the time they reached land and decreased storm surge by an incredible 79 percent.

Considering the billions of dollars of destruction a single storm can cause, a solution that provides renewable energy, pays for itself, and saves lives.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: April is financial literacy month. And if you are planning on pursuing higher education, we are planning a glossary of terms to help you understand what to expect, especially as a lot of you are in the application process right now.

Today`s term “cost of attendance” or CoA. It`s not just tuition, it`s the actual amount you`ll be paying each year at college once you add in living expenses, books, transportation and other stuff that comes up. So while in-state tuition at a public school in Georgia, for example, is around $10,000 per year, once you throw in your dorm room, a seven day meal plan, books and other expenses, your CoA jumps up to $22,000 a year. So, it`s important to look and plan beyond tuition if you`re planning to go to college away from home.

It started as a science fair project, 14-year old Suvir Mirchandani found that printer ink costs more per ounce than Chanel number five perfume. So, he focused on ways to use less of the ink.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

SUVIR MIRCHANDANI, TEEN SCIENCE FAIR WINNER: My research led me to conclude that the government could save almost $234 million, simply by switching to that one font. And that`s because the font is thinner, it`s lighter, it`s just simply uses less ink – just simply looking at it, you won`t be able to tell that it actually saves 30 percent of ink cost, so those are my conclusions.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

ZAKARIA: So, for state and federal governments using the times new Roman font on printouts, Suvir says the switch to the lighter Garamond fund would use less ink, saving a total of $400 million a year.

But Garamond`s a smaller font. So, some critics say it`d be less legible at the same size. And they say the government pays for ink differently, so the switch might not save that much, though it could save us a few bucks at home.

It`s not a great job, market for recent college graduates. How can they make themselves and their resumes really stand out? Here`s one idea. Leah Bowman, a junior at Northwestern University built herself in Legos. She used some computer programs, including Lego`s free digital designer software for the resume, and she raided her dad`s Lego collection to actually build herself brick by brick. The resume alone may not land her a dream job just yet, but to get an employer`s attention this idea`s a blockbuster, even if they see other colorful resumes, how are they going to Lego off this one? It`s instructive and good self-marketing, it builds on her creativity and talent, it leaves the competition at pieces. This block party is over. We`ll put another show together for you on Wednesday. I`m Carl Azuz.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Hi. I`m Carl Azuz. It`s a privilege to welcome you to CNN STUDENT NEWS, ten minutes of commercial free current events. First up this Wednesday, April Second, General Motors has seen better days, the maker of Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC has recalled more than 2.5 million vehicles worldwide. The reason – a problematic ignition switch that can slip out of place while someone`s driving. Disabling the engine, the airbags, power steering and power breaks. GM`s new CEO Mary Barra was on Capitol Hill yesterday. She was there to apologize and to answer investigators` questions. GM says the ignition switch problem caused 13 deaths and car accidents. And because ten years passed between the time when the problem was first discovered and when GM ordered the recall this February, lawmakers are trying to find out why the company waited so long.

Backup cameras. If you`ve been inside a newer truck or SUV, you might have seen one. It gives you a view of what`s behind the vehicle. That appears on the screen in the dashboard or a rearview mirror. At the moment, backup cameras are in option on many cars. The U.S. government is making them the law. All new cars, SUVs, trucks and vans will have to have one by 2018. The government estimates this will save between 60 and 70 lives every year, and they`ll increase visibility, especially in larger vehicles. Some families who`ve lost loved ones in backover accidents, say the law is long overdue. But it will add to the cost of cars. The government estimates a complete system will start at $132. And some critics say smaller vehicles like roasters or smartcars simply don`t need them.

What you are about to see almost looks like a scene from a war movie or a on older version of “Call of Duty” but this is real. This is recent. This is from Syria. Someone mounted the camera on a tank to get this. And notice, not just the firing, but the areas around the tank. Shot up, shell, burned out buildings where people used to live, shop and work. These are scenes from Syria`s civil war, which started three years ago. It`s between the government forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and various rebel groups who want that government out.

Terrorists have also joined in the fighting. One observation group says at least 150,000 people have been killed in the civil war. As many as a third of the victims are reportedly civilians.

A United Nations` peace mediator said last week, that talks between the Syrian government and the rebels are unlikely to continue any time soon. So the war will likely rage on.

There`s not much new information to give you about a missing Malaysia Airlines passenger plane. Nothing has been recovered after 26 days. The batteries on the plane`s locator beacon are probably running out, but you`ve got to be close to be close to the wreckage to hear the beacon. Officials` orient. One reason the search has been so difficult is because the ocean is so vast. We know more about the surface of Mars than what`s under the surface of our oceans.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

CHAD MYERS, CNN METEOROLOGIST: You can`t take a picture from a satellite of the ocean floor and get the symmetry, get the up and down, get the canyons. You just can`t see through the ocean far enough. So, how do we get that data? We have a pinger on the ship and the ship moves along. While the pinger just like a fish finder, finds the bottom, depending on how far away the bottom is, that`s about a mile or so width. It can be farther. If it`s a 12,000 feet the beam goes out farther. So, its` a wider footprint. But the ship could really only go about five miles per hour or so to get a really decent ping if you`re trying to map the bottom of the ocean. And try to go faster, but here`s what happens: when you ping, and then you wait for it to come back up, if you are going too fast, the ship is here, and ping will get to the transducer on the bottom of the boat. So, you can`t go too fast.

So, five miles per hour, that`s the assumption, one mile width, that`s the assumption. So, that`s five square miles per hour of the ocean.

There`s 130 million square miles of the ocean bottom. I did the math, I divided it all up. If you never stop for fuel and you never stop for new sailors, it will take you 2955 years to map the ocean with one ship. Here`s the deal: we`d love to have a pattern here in the past that looks something like what (INAUDIBLE) back and forth, and back and forth, and back and forth, there`ll be a couple of miles, you need to get a really great sense. We don`t have that. What we really have are these lines where ship went that way. And then a ship went that way. But there`s an awful lot of blue in between all of those spots. And do the same thing for the U.S., it`s a lot better because of NoVa, all of this has been essentially mapped, we get some blue skies, blue areas out here, far enough away or far enough out here in the Pacific, but on the way back and forth to Hawaii, down here pretty good, even off the coast of Mexico pretty good. It`s because of the remoteness of that ocean that we simply don`t know what it looks like.

Here`s what a stereographic picture looks like of the Moon. Two pictures side by side, we know how deep this crater is, we even know the size of it back and forth. And we also know that there`s a crater inside the crater.

Here`s what Mars looks like. It`s pretty incredible as well. All of the craters that we have here on Mars, all because of 3D mapping. You get two eyes or you get two cameras, you take a pictures of the same thing. It can`t see three dimensions. We can`t see through the water to do the same thing on the ocean floor.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: In 2013, 94 million passengers travel through Hartsville Jackson international airport in Atlanta, making it once again, the world`s busiest airport. There are almost nine miles of runway, 2600 takeoffs and landings in one day. 250,000 passengers a day. It`s a few miles from where we produce this show, and CNN wanted to find out what it`s like for an air traffic controller with so much up in the air.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIEED MALE: 62 heavy contact (INAUDIBLE).

When you push back off the gate, you`re going to be talking to an air traffic controller from the minute you start taxing to the runway till you get to your final destination.

We have five parallel runways, and I was working departures for runway 2a.

This is one 11 contact departure.

I`m talking directly to the pilot in the cockpit, and I`m issuing lineup and weigh procedures, which means you`ll line up on the runway and issuing takeoff clearances.

32 contact departure.

We run 2700 airplanes a day. Volume breeds complexity here in Atlanta. There`s so many aircraft coin for a tax instructions, so many aircrafts returning from the landing runways trying to get to the gates.

You`ve got to stay alert. And you`ve got to be focused at all times. Because of the volume that we have here, we run probably about five or six emergencies a shift. There`s a cardiac arrest patient, a woman going to labor on an aircraft. People having strokes on aircrafts. Smoke in the cockpit. That happens here every shift every single day.

But when is aircraft coming to the airspace, we get him into the airport as quickly as possible. You probably wouldn`t even notice it. It`s just another day at work and the guys – they are professionals. We just keep moving.

I always liked the aviation since being a kid. We used to have a little matchbox airport that you could fall down and (INAUDIBLE), airplanes and stuff like that. It was one of my favorite things I can play with. But I get to play with them for real.

But don`t misconstrue what I`m saying. What we do here is extremely important. The sheer volume of what we do every day and doing it without any – without a hiccup. That – job has faction enough.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: It`s Worldwide Wednesday – get ready to go globetrotting. We are happy to be part of your day at Esquela, Americana, glad to see students in San Salvador, El Salvador are watching.

Up north, in Ontario, Canada, hello to our viewers at (INAUDIBLE) Boulevard Public School. I hope you are enjoying this show there. And in Konya, Turkey, we are online at Mevlana University. Thank you for taking ten minutes for CNN STUDENT NEWS.

UNIDENTIFIEED FEMALE: Time for “The Shoutout.” Whose home field is located at 4 Yawkey Way: let`s play ball. Is it the Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, New York Yankees, or Boston Red Sox? You`ve got three seconds, go.

4 Yawkey Way is the address of Fenway Park, and that`s the home of the Boston Red Sox. That`s your answer and that`s your shoutout.

But the bow (ph) Sox. We (INAUDIBLE) been yesterday. They were in the Capital and not for a game with the Nationals. They were enjoying an American tradition when a championship team gets a trip to the White House. The Sox won the World Series last year, so they visited 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue yesterday, presented the president with an honorary jersey and posed for a picture, though David Ortiz took the chance to snap a selfie. The president didn`t need a pitch. He played right along. It seemed like everyone was having a ball – no one looked like he was in the foul mood. No one seemed to have a bad time. Of course, maybe we are being empirical, but the snap selfie crossed no baselines, there were mounts of smiles and everyone got home safe. I`m Carl Azuz and CNN STUDENT NEWS is out.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: Earthquakes greater than magnitude 8.0 are rare and potentially devastating. They only happen every five to ten years. The one that violently shook part of Chile this week leads off today`s edition of CNN STUDENT NEWS. It happened late on Tuesday, off northern Chile`s Pacific Coast. An 8.2 magnitude tremor that also caused the tsunami. What`s incredible is, the damage appears to be limited. There were landslides and power outages, at least six people lost their lives. Thousands of homes had serious damage or destroyed, and more than 900,000 people were evacuated. But despite that, a quake this powerful is capable of catastrophic damage, so officials are saying, this could have been much worse.

The Pacific region still wasn`t in the clear, though, even a day later. The tsunami waves that hit northern Chile measured around seven feet. What a Chilean official described is like high tide. But you can see from this animation that they don`t just go away. They move across the ocean. And officials in Indonesia were warning people there to be on alert, though the tsunami waves there were expected to be less than three feet.

Both Chile and Indonesia are all too familiar with earthquakes. The two nations are located on what`s called “the Ring of Fire, a horseshoe shape line around the Pacific Ocean where there`s a lot of earthquake and volcanic activity.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

CHAD MYERS, CNN METEOROLOGIST: This is a subduction zone. It`s the line between two plates, the Nazca Plate, the South American plate here, the Nazca Plate here. The Nazca Plate is actually diving under the South American Plate building the Andes Mountains. And they`ve been doing that now for millions and millions of years. The problem with the big earthquakes that we see here – unlike other subduction zones and this is the crease right here, this plate would be diving below this plate here, which is just sitting here. This was a thrustfall, so as this, came together last night, and they`ve been going together for years and years and years, something popped right along this plate boundary right here, and all of a sudden the sea floor lifted. And because this sea floor lifted, that`s how we got the tsunami to go that way and also tsunami to go this way.

The problem with the Chilean sea floor and the Chilean earthquakes, is that they are pretty much shallow. Somewhere less than 50 miles deep. And so, when that shakes, it really shakes hard. A lot of subduction zone earthquakes are 200 miles deep, and there`s a lot of padding between the shaking part and the earth surface where we live. But here in Chile, it is not that way. One great thing about where this tsunami happened, even though it was only about a six to eight foot wave. This is not a very highly populated area, because you look at this cliff. These cliffs here are almost of insanity, as we call them, right down here, there is not a lot of place for people to live there. Now, the people that do live here, live right along the coast because they have to, it`s the only flat land and that`s where – where we saw that, some (INAUDIBLE) areas here, just at the north EKK did see this water coming up and getting right into that community right through here.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: A different kind of disaster, a massive landslide recently struck in Washington State. A week and a half later, officials had confirmed the deaths of 29 people, but around 20 others are still missing.

The North Cascade Mountains had seen a lot of rain by March 22 when a hillside just gave way. Recovery officials are struggling to sort through a square mile of mud.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ANA CABRERA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: This is ground zero of the Washington landslide, our first look at the destruction at close. Debris, piled up to 80 feet high in some spots. Tires, twisted cables, large appliances and uprooted trees. The only decipherable objects in the mangled mess. Images don`t fully capture the devastation. This neighborhood was mutilated by the enormous force and power of land and water that ripped through this valley.

LT. RICHARD BURKE, BELLEVUE FIRE DEPT.: Our family`s just gotten bigger, we kind of adopted the town of Oso (ph) or maybe they have adopted us.

CABRERA: A week and a half after the disaster the driving force for workers remains finding victims. Nearly two dozen people are still missing.

(on camera): Would you be able to find all of the victims?

BURKE: We`re going to try. I mean that`s the crystal ball question.

CABRERA (voice over): The debris field is full of a toxic sludge, a combination of human waste, chemicals from households as well as propane tanks, oil and gas making the search effort extremely dangerous.

Every person, animal and thing that comes out of here, has to be decontaminated. Workers are forced to wait for some areas to dry out before investigating.

All of this heavy equipment is helping to clear the debris off the road to provide more access for rescuers, but the debris is staying put. Until hand crews can come and go through these piles to pull belongings for family members who`ve lost everything.

Two American flags fly among the men and women working here. One recovered from the debris hangs in reverence for lives lost. Another flag at half- staff on a lone tree left standing in the slide zone.

A source of strength and a symbol of hope for better days ahead. Ana Cabrera, CNN, Arlington, Washington.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Next up today, money and politics. The U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling yesterday that would allow people to donate more money to political campaigns. But this may not make a huge difference, simply because most people don`t have this much money to donate.

Here`s the deal: under current law, you can give up to $5200 to a candidate during an election. This ruling doesn`t change that. But what if you wanted to give that $5200 to a whole bunch of candidates? Previously, the limit for that was just over $123,000 per election cycle. That limit`s gone. The decision, a close five to four ruling on the high court. Supporters of it say campaign spending is a form of free expression, protected by the First Amendment. The court majority agreed. Opponents say it undermines campaign finance laws and their private money could now have a greater influence on elections.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Is this legit? In the U.S., the Ivy League consists of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Brown, Dartmouth, Cornell and Pennsylvania. This is true. Ivy League colleges and universities are known for academic excellence and social prestige.

AZUZ: They are also known for high tuition. At Harvard, costs of attendance, which includes tuition, fees, room and board is $60,000 a year. Can you say scholarship? It`s also selective. Last year`s acceptance rate was less than six percent. So, Ivy League acceptance is an accomplishment in itself, especially if it`s to the whole league.

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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Kwasi Enin is a 17-year old student a William Floyd High School who now has the biggest decision of his life ahead of him. Enin applied to and was accepted to all eight Ivy League Schools.

KWASI ENIN: My dream came true, basically.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Kwasi says he hasn`t picked which one he wants to attend yet. As expected, he says he`ll do his research and select the one he really wants to go to. He says his parents have been the driving force behind his academics.

ENIN: They are very proud because the whole journey, I mean, of childhood here and hoping for the best and then the best becoming like this level.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Kwasi got a 22-50 out of 24-50 on his SAT score, which places him in a 99 percentile for all students taking the exam. But for him, it`s not just about SAT scores.

ENIN: I think I have the newly well-rounded – when it comes to academics, music, sports and just like – doesn`t always been like the very best in all of them.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: His principal Barbara Butler says his accomplishments have inspired other students in the school.

BARBARA BUTLER, PRINCIPAL, WILLIAM FLOYD HIGH SCHOOL: He`s been an inspiration for other kids, even just walking down the hall today. Kids have said things like I want to do that. I want to try that.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: In addition to his achievements, Kwasi just has a great attitude towards life.

ENIN: I mean knowing that I`m going to have a happy day because of the things I`m doing in this day. Because I love doing all of them. So I think that`s what really pushes me.

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AZUZ: First school in today`s Roll Call is in the northeast. Glenn Mill`s Pennsylvania. Not too far from the capital, we`ve got Garnet Valley High School, the Jaguars are on today`s roll. Moving south to the volunteer`s day to Beavers of Karns High School who are watching there in Knoxville, Tennessee. And in Pavilion Wyoming it`s good to see the cougars on the prow. They are online at Wind River Middle High School.

The world`s tallest building is in United Arab Emirates. The tallest mountain is in Nepal, the tallest Fair`s Wheel? At the moment, it`s this one. On the Las Vegas strip. The high roller – it`s Vegas. What did you expect? It just opened. It stands 550 feet high and it gives Fair`s Wheel aficionado`s views of well, pretty much everything from the city to the mountains around it. Tickets start at 25 bucks, and it can fit more than 1100 people at a time, which might be a tight fit, but also a profit. One spin around takes 30 minutes – a gandalot (ph) of time. It has 200 bulbs, 2 LED light and give riders a full kaleidoscope of color. Less vibrant wheels would say it`s just not fairest. CNN STUDENT NEWS will be back around tomorrow, and wheel hope to see you then. I`m Carl Azuz.

CARL AZUZ, CNN ANCHOR: CNN STUDENT NEWS starts now. It`s Friday, April 4, it`s good to have you watching. I`m Carl Azuz at the CNN Center. On Wednesday afternoon sirens went off at Fort Hood, a large military installation in Texas. Officials say one soldier carrying a gun, he wasn`t allowed to have on base started shooting other members of the U.S. Army. He killed three people before a military police officer confronted him in a parking lot and he took his own life. 16 other soldiers were wounded in the attack. Police don`t know yet why this happened. They say the suspect, Army Specialist Ivan Lopez, had a history of mental illness. They are not sure if this was an active terrorism. But it immediately brought comparisons to a previous shooting at the same post.

Five years ago, a former Army psychiatrist killed 13 people and later said he was on the terrorist mission. Army Chief of Staff, General Ray Odierno, said lessons learned from that shooting kept this one from being worse than it was.

Four days in the financial literacy month. We are breaking down another term for you. One that will hopefully help your college bounce students know what to expect in the years ahead.

This one`s default, and it`s not something you want to do. If you get a student loan, you`re required by law to pay it back. Miss a payment, and the loan is delinquent. Keep that up, it could go into default. It basically means you didn`t keep your promise to pay back the loan, and going into default can hit you hard later on. It could make it tougher to borrow money again for things like a car, a house, or even a cell phone. So, make your loan payments, make them on time, you won`t risk being delinquent or going into default.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Time for “The Shoutout.” Which of these is a term for an ocean current? If you think you know it, shout it out! Is it a gurge, gyre, gnar or gaur? You`ve got three seconds, go.

Gyres are massive circular ocean currents that rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. And counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. That`s your answer and that`s your “Shoutout.”

AZUZ: Gyres are natural, but some of the stuff swirling in them isn`t. Garbage, trash from nations, shorelines, boats, collected in currents swirling around the oceans. The Indian Ocean search for a missing Malaysia Airlines passenger plane has been called “the most difficult search in human history”. Gyres of garbage are making that search even harder.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Debris that you might see in our homes or around our homes, here`s a toy grenade, here`s a paintbrush handle, here`s a toy leg from a baby. Flip flops.

RANDI KAYE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Not items from a landfill. But from the ocean. More specifically, the Indian Ocean gyro. Essentially, a garbage patch swirling with trash and overflowing with plastic. The massive rotating current spins counter clockwise. Marcus Eriksen is the director of research for the Five Gyres Institute in California. He says gyros are like plastic soup.

MARCUS ERIKSEN, 5 GYRES INSTITUTE: But that`s typical of what the material looks like.

KAYE: In 2010, he sailed through the Indian Ocean gyro, the same area where search teams are now looking for doomed flight 370.

ERIKSEN: What we found there, were things like derelict fishing nets, multicolored buoys, all fishing buoys like the one that`s behind me. Lots of buckets and crates, other consumer goods like bottles. And bottle caps. And bags and forks and knives. There was so much stuff already there. So the aircraft and debris from the aircraft is blending into all that.

KAYE: Which is one reason why locating the missing plane is such a challenge. Satellite images once thought to be debris fields, likely just floating garbage. A Chinese ship just this week in search of the airplane came across trash instead. Even sea life can`t tell the difference. Fish, sea lions, birds, they all ingest this junk thinking it might be food.

ERIKSEN: You know, to hear this talk about there are being 300 plus pieces from the aircraft. There are 300,000 plus pieces of trash already there.

KAYE: The Indian Ocean gyre isn`t the only one that exists. There are also two in the Pacific and two in the Atlantic. They form when ocean currents bounce off the continents and create a vortex of swirling water, which posed debris from the shores to the center of the ocean.

The gyro in the Indian Ocean is thought to be about 2 million square miles. Now, keep in mind, the entire United States is just under 4 million square miles. And this garbage patch isn`t just huge, it`s also on the move, traveling about half a mile per hour or about 12 miles per day. And it may be carrying parts of the plane with it.

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AZUZ: Leonardo da Vinci sketched a flying machine in 1485, but, of course, he never flew in one. 2 Frenchmen climbed aboard the first untethered balloon in 1783, but didn`t exactly power it. Even the Wright brothers at the dawn of powered flight, didn`t have to flap or pedal themselves. You might say these folks, compared to the men you`re about to meet, took the easy way up.

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UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The dream is pretty much as old as time itself, the flying under our own power. The sprit, the endeavor, has always been there, but seldom the means. Contraption after contraption left crumpled in the resolutely earthbound. When Orville Wright took flight in 1903, muscles gave way to engines. And the fantasy of powering aircraft by ourselves, largely evaporated. Except that it has refused single-minded individuals. David Barford is living his childhood dream in his very own bespoke flying machine cold Better Fly. By day, he designs Formula One engines for Mercedes Benz, by Louis Hamilton and others, by night, he plans his next David Barford powered flight.

DAVID BARFORD, FORMULA ONE ENGINEER: I`m like a caged animal if I can`t make things.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It began with a sheet of paper and a pencil at a table at his home in North Hampton. And with a dogged ambition to design a human powered aircraft that he could build himself in his garage.

BARFORD: Some people have said, or why didn`t you put electric motor on it, and fly it with an electric motor? But that just completely misses the point. That`s not flying as I wanted to experience flying.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Better fly has a huge wings span, 22 meters across. Yet she weighs just 42 kilograms around half the weight of the pilot. It took eight long years before she was ready for her first test flight.

BARFORD: The bottom half has to just be an engine. Legs going like crazy, but your top half and your control system needs to be quiet, so you can smooth and calm. So one (INAUDIBLE) is going to be like a swam paddling – paddling away. All of a sudden you get to a certain speed, and you just rise up. Really smoothly, no dramatic effort involved to it if you like.

Feeling was beautiful. Really was. Very pure. The day after I fly and so (INAUDIBLE) just (INAUDIBLE) just as I drove to work. And – yeah, you and – I can join them.

And I think that was when you realize, actually, what you`ve done that you can join the birds and fly and do your empower.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: David now belongs to a very exclusive flying club. More people have been to space than have ever flown a human powered aircraft. David is turning that very dream into a reality. One flight at a time.

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AZUZ: We are taking flight over the Pacific Northwest on today`s “Roll Call” starting just east of Seattle. We`ve got the Wolves watching. They are Eastlake High School representing some Amish Washington. Now, to the Midwest, at Donipan Trumbull High School, the Cardinals are flying high over Donipan, Nebraska. And if you are in Lake Charles, Louisiana, watch out for gators – of course, we are talking about the gators of LaGrange High School. Glad your watch.

It`s peanut butter jelly time, and this is one serious sandwich. It`s more than 51 feet long. And if you try to lift it without it falling apart, you couldn`t. It has more than 60 pounds of peanut butter alone. Fortunately, no one had to eat it alone. A group of charter school students in California bit into it, as a celebration of national peanut butter and jelly day. They couldn`t finish it, so other older kids came in to lend a helping tooth. Costs some bread to build that thing, but no expense was spread and it certainly makes lesser sandwiches jellies. Everyone who ate it got stuffed. It was worth its dough, because it had all the ingredients for success, for butter or for worse. I`m going for glass of milk, we hope you have a great weekend and that you`ll be watching again on Monday.